Suchergebnisse

Front Matter -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Table of Contents -- Tables -- Illustrations -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Content -- Introduction -- Numbers, Distribution, and Mobility -- The Impact of Mobility on Regional Distribution -- Socioeconomic Differentials -- Differentials in Jewish Identification -- Community Involvement -- Informal Networks -- Jews on the Move: Implications for American Jewry -- The Methodology of the National Jewish Population Survey -- Back Matter -- APPENDIX B -- APPENDIX C -- APPENDIX D -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- NAMES INDEX.

An examination of the impact of short-term, temporary migration on the national development process of the People's Republic of China. China has a strongly stated policy regarding population movement & the distribution of population between Ru & Ur places & among Ur places of different size. Migration to large Ur places is strictly controlled, as is Ru-to-Ur movement; at the same time, frontier migration has been encouraged, as has settlement in cities developed about extractive industries. The efforts to control Ur growth have been both undermined & reinforced by the economic reform policies articulated since 1979. By allowing development toward a market economy, Chinese planners are creating a need & a demand for greater labor mobility; by recognizing the need to develop China's teritary sector, planners are also implicitly encouraging Ru workers to move to cities to provide badly needed services. Concurrently, China is actively promoting the growth of small towns & commune centers as incipient Ur places, to absorb surplus labor & to provide alternatives to cityward migration. During this period of rapid economic change, temporary mobility is providing a flexible adjustment mechanism for China's population. As the labor surplus in Ru areas increases, & consumer demands in both Ur & Ru places are raised, such mobility will undoubtedly become an increasingly important way to reestablish equilibrium. In the longer run, policymakers may come to recognize both the desirability of permanent population redistribution & the fact that a considerable amount of such movement has already occurred de facto, if not de jure. 3 Tables, 57 References. Modified AA

Migration has long been recognized as an important mechanism for allowing populations to adjust to changing economic conditions (Goldstein and Goldstein, 1981; Findley, 1977, 1982). Massive population movements from rural to urban locations were an integral part of the European modernization process, as were movements to hitherto undeveloped frontier regions including ones overseas. Rapid urban growth, due in part to migration, has more recently characterized many of the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Concern in China with problems of rural-urban population distribution, rates of urban growth, and relations between employment opportunities and rural and urban development have resulted in a firmly articulated policy regarding population movement. Permanent movement from rural to urban places and from smaller to larger urban places is strictly controlled. Yet the pressures of a large surplus labor force and the introduction of the new economic responsibility system have led to a substantial increase in population mobility, most of it temporary. Such circulation has become a major mechanism to allow rural areas to cope with their surplus labor and to raise rural standards of living. It has also allowed urban places to gain the skilled service workers and unskilled construction workers that are in short supply without putting undue pressure on urban facilities.

Concern in China with problems of Ru-Ur population distribution, rates of Ur growth, & relations between employment opportunities & Ru & Ur development have resulted in a firmly articulated policy regarding population movement. Permanent movement from Ru to Ur places & from smaller to larger Ur places is strictly controlled. Yet the pressures of a large surplus LF & the introduction of the new economic responsibility system have led to a substantial increase in population mobility, most of it temporary. Such circulation has become a major mechanism to allow Ru areas to cope with their surplus labor & to raise Ru standards of living. It has also allowed Ru places to gain skilled service workers & unskilled construction workers who are in short supply without putting undue pressure on Ur facilities. Questions & comments are offered by: Dario Scuka (Library of Congress, Washington, DC), Joan Gregg (New York City Technical Coll, NY), Lee-Jay Cho (East-West Population Instit, U of Hawaii, Honolulu), James Schulz (Brandeis U, Waltham, Mass), & Philip Olzon (U of Missouri, Kansas City). Modified HA.